Recent Innovations in Psychology

Recent Innovations in Psychology

The Effect of Group Psychotherapy with Transactional Analysis Approach on Attachment Styles of Adolescent Boys

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mohammad Reza Zanganeh 1
Azam Ardeshiri 2
Bahram Ali Ghanbari HashemAbadi 3
1 MSc. in School Counseling, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 MSc. in Career Counseling, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
10.22034/rip.2024.191347
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of group psychotherapy using the Transactional Analysis approach on the attachment styles of adolescent boys. The design was semi-experimental with a pre-test and a post-test with a control group. The statistical population was male secondary school students in Mashhad. The sample consisted of 30 volunteers who were randomly divided into two groups, one experimental and one control, with 15 volunteers for each of them. Both groups completed the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS). The experimental group participated in nine 90-minute sessions of transactional analysis group psychotherapy. Multivariate covariance analysis showed that group psychotherapy using a transactional analysis approach had a significant effect on secure attachment (Partial Eta2=0.70) and avoidant attachment (Partial Eta2=0.50). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for ambivalent attachment (P<0.05). It appears that group psychotherapy using a transactional analysis approach is effective on the attachment styles of adolescent boys, increasing their secure attachment and decreasing their avoidant attachment.
Keywords
attachment styles
psychotherapy
transactional analysis

Subjects

منابع

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Berth, F. (2023). Discovering Bowlby: infant homes and attachment theory in West Germany after the Second World War. Paedagogica Historica, 59 (4), 688- 704. https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2021.1934705

Bowlby, J. (1979). The bowlby-ainsworth attachment theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(4), 637-638. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00064955

Cherniak, A. D., Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Granqvist, P. (2021). Attachment theory and religion. Current Opinion in Psychology, 40, 126-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.020

Collins, N. L. & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644-663. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.58.4.644

Delgado, E., Serna, C., Martínez, I., & Cruise, E. (2022). Parental attachment and peer relationships in adolescence: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031064

Edalat, A., Farsinezhad, M., Bokharaei, M., & Judy, F. (2022). A pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of self-attachment to treat chronic anxiety and/or depression in Iranian women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6376. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116376

Fearon, R. P., & Roisman, G. I. (2017). Attachment theory: progress and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.002

Hargaden, H., & Sills, C. (2014). Transactional analysis: A relational perspective. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315820279

London, M., Volmer, J., Zyberaj, J., & Kluger, A. N. (2023). Gaining feedback acceptance: Leader-member attachment style and psychological safety. Human Resource Management Review, 33(2), 100953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2023.100953

Mohammadi, T., & Saber, S. (2020). Prediction of empathy based on attachment to parents and peers and self-concept. Nurse and Physician Within War, 7(24), 21-28 (In Persian). URL: https://npwjm.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-719-en.html

Mohareri, F. (2010). On the relationship between perceived childhood/adolescent attachments and identity status in 15-17 years adolescents. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 12(48), 692-701 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22038/jfmh.2010.1032

Monajem, A., & Aghayousefi, A. (2015). Effectiveness of group psychotherapy of transactional analysis in craving beliefs, attachment styles and cognitive emotion regulation in addicts under treatment. Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction, 9(34), 123-144. URL: http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-757-en.html

Newton, T. (2024). Revisiting the Health System: Framing Transactional Analysis as Positive Social Psychology. Eric Berne Memorial Award Acceptance Speech. Transactional Analysis Journal, 54(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2023.2286573

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Pourkord, M., Mirdrikvand, F., & Karami, A. (2020). Predicting Resilience in Students based on Happiness, Attachment Style, and Religious Attitude. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics, 7(2), 27-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jhsme.7.2.27 

Rahmati, S., Hooshmani, R., Mousavi Anzehaei, A. S., & Dehaghin, V. (2020). Effectiveness of Group Training of Transactional Analysis (TA) on Distress Tolerance and Social Problem Solving of Delinquent Adolescents. Social Psychology Research, 10(37), 45-64 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/spr.2020.109696

Razzaghi Yenghaje, E., Hoseinifar, J., Zadyunes, S., Marefat Ajerlu, M., & Babaie Hefzabad, S. (2019). Prediction of Psychological Resilience of Students Based on Attachment Styles and Social Support. Rooyesh, 8(7), 85-96 (In Persian). URL: http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.2383353.1398.8.7.19.7

Saeedeh Sedighi, S., Makvand Hoseini, Sh., & Qanbari Hashem Abadi, B. A. (2015). The Effectiveness of Group Therapy Using Transactional Analysis (TA) on Couples’ Communication Patterns. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 17(3), 36-44 (In Persian). URL: https://sanad.iau.ir/en/Journal/jsrp/Article/889975

Shayesteh Kia, M., Hashemian, K., & Abolmaali Alhosseini, K. (2023). Comparing the effectiveness of transactional analysis (TA) and imaginary exposure and response prevention (ERP) training courses on reducing students' academic anxiety. Journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies, 4(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jayps.4.4.1

Teixeira, R. C. R., Ferreira, J. H. B. P., & Howat-Rodrigues, A. B. C. (2019). Collins and Read revised adult attachment scale (RAAS) validity evidences. Psico, 50(2), e29567-e29567. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2019.2.29567

Vos, J., & van Rijn, B. (2022). The Effectiveness of Transactional Analysis Treatments and Their Predictors: A Systematic Literature Review and Explorative Meta-Analysis. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 00221678221117111. https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678221117111

Zarei, E., Karami Boldaji, R., Heydari, H., Hossein Khanzadeh, A. A., & Baharloo, G. (2014). Prediction of the Five-Factor Personality Traits of Students based on Adult Attachment Styles. Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, 4(1), 167-180 (In Persian). URL: https://cbs.ui.ac.ir/article_17328.html?lang=en

Berne, E. (1958). Transactional analysis: A new and effective method of group therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 12(4), 735-743. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1958.12.4.735
Berth, F. (2023). Discovering Bowlby: infant homes and attachment theory in West Germany after the Second World War. Paedagogica Historica, 59 (4), 688- 704. https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2021.1934705
Bowlby, J. (1979). The bowlby-ainsworth attachment theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(4), 637-638. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00064955
Cherniak, A. D., Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Granqvist, P. (2021). Attachment theory and religion. Current Opinion in Psychology, 40, 126-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.020
Collins, N. L. & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644-663. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.58.4.644
Delgado, E., Serna, C., Martínez, I., & Cruise, E. (2022). Parental attachment and peer relationships in adolescence: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031064
Edalat, A., Farsinezhad, M., Bokharaei, M., & Judy, F. (2022). A pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of self-attachment to treat chronic anxiety and/or depression in Iranian women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6376. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116376
Fearon, R. P., & Roisman, G. I. (2017). Attachment theory: progress and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.002
Hargaden, H., & Sills, C. (2014). Transactional analysis: A relational perspective. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315820279
London, M., Volmer, J., Zyberaj, J., & Kluger, A. N. (2023). Gaining feedback acceptance: Leader-member attachment style and psychological safety. Human Resource Management Review, 33(2), 100953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2023.100953
Mohammadi, T., & Saber, S. (2020). Prediction of empathy based on attachment to parents and peers and self-concept. Nurse and Physician Within War, 7(24), 21-28 (In Persian). URL: https://npwjm.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-719-en.html
Mohareri, F. (2010). On the relationship between perceived childhood/adolescent attachments and identity status in 15-17 years adolescents. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 12(48), 692-701 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22038/jfmh.2010.1032
Monajem, A., & Aghayousefi, A. (2015). Effectiveness of group psychotherapy of transactional analysis in craving beliefs, attachment styles and cognitive emotion regulation in addicts under treatment. Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction, 9(34), 123-144. URL: http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-757-en.html
Newton, T. (2024). Revisiting the Health System: Framing Transactional Analysis as Positive Social Psychology. Eric Berne Memorial Award Acceptance Speech. Transactional Analysis Journal, 54(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2023.2286573
Noma, K. (2006, April). How TA is applied in clinical psychiatry. In International Congress Series (Vol. 1287, pp. 168-172). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2005.11.121
Pourkord, M., Mirdrikvand, F., & Karami, A. (2020). Predicting Resilience in Students based on Happiness, Attachment Style, and Religious Attitude. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics, 7(2), 27-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jhsme.7.2.27 
Rahmati, S., Hooshmani, R., Mousavi Anzehaei, A. S., & Dehaghin, V. (2020). Effectiveness of Group Training of Transactional Analysis (TA) on Distress Tolerance and Social Problem Solving of Delinquent Adolescents. Social Psychology Research, 10(37), 45-64 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/spr.2020.109696
Razzaghi Yenghaje, E., Hoseinifar, J., Zadyunes, S., Marefat Ajerlu, M., & Babaie Hefzabad, S. (2019). Prediction of Psychological Resilience of Students Based on Attachment Styles and Social Support. Rooyesh, 8(7), 85-96 (In Persian). URL: http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.2383353.1398.8.7.19.7
Saeedeh Sedighi, S., Makvand Hoseini, Sh., & Qanbari Hashem Abadi, B. A. (2015). The Effectiveness of Group Therapy Using Transactional Analysis (TA) on Couples’ Communication Patterns. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 17(3), 36-44 (In Persian). URL: https://sanad.iau.ir/en/Journal/jsrp/Article/889975
Shayesteh Kia, M., Hashemian, K., & Abolmaali Alhosseini, K. (2023). Comparing the effectiveness of transactional analysis (TA) and imaginary exposure and response prevention (ERP) training courses on reducing students' academic anxiety. Journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies, 4(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jayps.4.4.1
Teixeira, R. C. R., Ferreira, J. H. B. P., & Howat-Rodrigues, A. B. C. (2019). Collins and Read revised adult attachment scale (RAAS) validity evidences. Psico, 50(2), e29567-e29567. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2019.2.29567
Vos, J., & van Rijn, B. (2022). The Effectiveness of Transactional Analysis Treatments and Their Predictors: A Systematic Literature Review and Explorative Meta-Analysis. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 00221678221117111. https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678221117111
Zarei, E., Karami Boldaji, R., Heydari, H., Hossein Khanzadeh, A. A., & Baharloo, G. (2014). Prediction of the Five-Factor Personality Traits of Students based on Adult Attachment Styles. Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, 4(1), 167-180 (In Persian). URL: https://cbs.ui.ac.ir/article_17328.html?lang=en

  • Receive Date 03 February 2024
  • Revise Date 24 February 2024
  • Accept Date 26 February 2024
  • First Publish Date 26 February 2024