Recent Innovations in Psychology

Recent Innovations in Psychology

The Mediating Role of Optimism Bias and Risk-taking in the Relationship Between Interpersonal Problems and Tendency to Addiction in Drug Addicts

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Vahid Abdolmanafi 1
Ahmad Esmali 2
Issa Hekmati 2
1 MSc. in Clinical Psychology,Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran
10.22034/rip.2024.194009
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the mediating role of optimism bias and risk taking in the relationship between interpersonal problems and addiction potential in drug addicts. Descriptive and correlational research methods were used. A convenience sample of 345 substance abusers was selected and assessed using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), the Optimism Bias Scale, the Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale (IARS) and the Iranian Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS). Mediation regression was used to analyze the data. The results showed that optimism bias did not have a significant correlation with interpersonal problems and addiction potential and lacked a mediating role. There was a correlation between risk-taking with interpersonal problems and potential to addiction. However, its mediating role was not significant. The results showed that interpersonal problems are related to addiction and can predict it. On this basis, it is better for therapists to consider improving interpersonal relationships and reducing communication problems in interventions with drug addicts.
Keywords
addiction potential
interpersonal problems
optimism bias
risk taking
Subjects
Ahmadi, H., & Moeini, M. (2015). An Investigation of the Relationship between Social Skills and High Risk Behaviors among the Youth: the Case of Shiraz City. Strategic Research on Social Problems, 4(1), 1-24 (In Persian). URL: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23221453.1394.4.1.2.0
Alford, M., O'Rourke, S., Doyle, P., & Todd, L. (2020). Examining the factors associated with impulsivity in forensic populations: A systematic review. Aggression and violent behavior, 54, 101409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101409
 Alkın, S., Bardakcı, S., & İlhan, T. (2020). An investigation of the associations between the quality of social relationships and smartphone addiction in high school students. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 7(1), 29-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/addicta.2020.19074
Asghari, F., Kurdmirza, E., & Ahmadi, L. (2013). The relationship between religious attitudes, locus of control and tendency to substace abuse in university students. Research on Addiction, 7(25), 103-112 (In Persian). URL: http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-306-en.html
Barkham, M., Hardy, G. E., & Startup, M. (1994). The structure, validity and clinical relevance of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 67(2), 171-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1994.tb01784.x
Bolat, N., Yavuz, M., Eliaçık, K., & Zorlu, A. (2018). The relationships between problematic internet use, alexithymia levels and attachment characteristics in a sample of adolescents in a high school, Turkey. Psychology, health & medicine, 23(5), 604-611. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2017.1394474
Brooks, M., Miller, E., Abebe, K., & Mulvey, E. (2018). The observed longitudinal relationship between future orientation and substance use among a cohort of youth with serious criminal offenses. Substance use & misuse, 53(12), 1925-1936. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2018.1441311
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2014). Dispositional optimism. Trends in cognitive sciences, 18(6), 293-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.02.003
Dean, A. C., Kohno, M., Morales, A. M., Ghahremani, D. G., & London, E. D. (2015). Denial in methamphetamine users: Associations with cognition and functional connectivity in brain. Drug and alcohol dependence, 151, 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.004
Eiser, J. R., Eiser, C., & Pauwels, P. (1993). Skin cancer: Assessing perceived risk and behavioural attitudes. Psychology and Health, 8(6), 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870449308400444
Fath, N., Azad Fallah, P., Rasool-zadeh Tabatabaei, S. K., & Rahimi, C. (2013). Validity and Reliability of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5(3), 69-80(In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22075/jcp.2017.2137
Gardner, E. L. (2002). Addictive potential of cannabinoids: the underlying neurobiology. Chemistry and physics of lipids, 121(1-2), 267-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-3084(02)00162-7
Guo, Y., You, X., Gu, Y., Wu, G., & Xu, C. (2020). A moderated mediation model of the relationship between quality of social relationships and internet addiction: mediation by loneliness and moderation by dispositional optimism. Current Psychology, 39, 1303-1313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9829-3
Haeny, A. M., Gueorguieva, R., Morean, M. E., Krishnan‐Sarin, S., DeMartini, K. S., Pearlson, G. D., ... & O'Malley, S. S. (2020). The association of impulsivity and family history of alcohol use disorder on alcohol use and consequences. Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research, 44(1), 159-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14230
Hajloo, N., Sadeghi, H., Nadinloei, K. B., & Habibi, Z. (2014). The role of meta-cognition in students' addiction potential tendency. International journal of high risk behaviors & addiction, 3(1), e9355. https://doi.org/10.5812%2Fijhrba.9355
Homayouni, A. (2011). The role of personality traits and religious beliefs in tendency to addiction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 851-855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.165
HosseiniAlmadani, S. A., Karimi, Y., Bahrami, H., & Moazedian, A. (2013). Predicting Membership in Addict & Non-Addict Groups According to Spirituality, Personality Traits, Identity Styles, and Resiliency. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 12(1), 57-70 (In Persian). URL: http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17353165.1392.12.1.7.1
Huber, D., Henrich, G., & Klug, G. (2007). The inventory of interpersonal problems (IIP): sensitivity to change. Psychotherapy Research, 17(4), 474-481. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300600856160
Kim, E. S., James, P., Zevon, E. S., Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Kubzansky, L. D., & Grodstein, F. (2019). Optimism and healthy aging in women and men. American Journal of Epidemiology, 188(6), 1084-1091. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz056
Kolar, D. (2018). Addictive potential of novel treatments for refractory depression and anxiety. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 14, 1513–1519. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S167538
Lee, Y. M. (2016). SNS addiction tendency and its related factors among university students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 17(12), 561-568. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2016.17.12.561
Lin, S., Mastrokoukou, S., & Longobardi, C. (2023). Social relationships and social media addiction among adolescents: variable-centered and person-centered approaches. Computers in Human Behavior, 147, 107840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107840
Liu, C., & Sun, Z. (2023). The relationship between physical activity and interpersonal distress in college students: the chain mediating role of self-control and mobile phone addiction. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 36, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-023-00261-3
Martínez-González, J. M., López, R. V., Iglesias, E. B., & Verdejo-García, A. (2016). Self-deception as a mechanism for the maintenance of drug addiction. Psicothema, 28(1), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2015.139
Mohammadi, H., Aghajani, A., & Zahtabpour, Z. (2011). Relationship between Addiction, Resiliency and Emotional Components. Quarterly Journal of Omide Rahayi, 5(4), 11-20 (In Pesian). URL: https://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1347-en.html
Mohammadkhani, SH., Yeganeh, T., & Karimpour, K. (2015). Role of religious orientation and self-control in prediction of drug addiction potential. Journal of Health and Care, 17(3), 248-259 (In Persian). URL: http://hcjournal.arums.ac.ir/article-1-380-en.html
Mohebi, M., Asadzade, H., & Farrokhi, N. (2020). Modeling the structural relationships of internet addiction based on executive functions and problems interpersonal: the mediating role of Alexithymia. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(3), 150-165 (In Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/shenakht.7.3.150
Neale, J., Tompkins, C. N., & Strang, J. (2018). Qualitative exploration of relationships between peers in residential addiction treatment. Health & social care in the community, 26(1), e39-e46. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12472
Nugraha, Y. P., & Khasanah, F. U. (2023). Can Motivational Intervieweing Reduce Video Game Addiction? Viewed From: Regulatory Focus Theory and Interpersonal Competecne. Jurnal Integrasi Sains dan Qur'an (JISQu), 2(1),141-155. URL: https://jisqu.trensains.sch.id/index.php/journal/article/view/56
Nutt, D., King, L. A., Saulsbury, W., & Blakemore, C. (2007). Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse. The Lancet, 369(9566), 1047-1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4
Pickard, H. (2016). Denial in addiction. Mind & Language, 31(3), 277-299.  https://doi.org/10.1111/mila.12106
Reuter, P. (2006). What drug policies cost. Estimating government drug policy expenditures. Addiction, 101(3), 315-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01336.x
Rincón-Cortés, M. (2023). Sex differences in addiction-relevant behavioral outcomes in rodents following early life stress. Addiction neuroscience, 6, 100067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100067
Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Miller, S., Koopman, C., Haignere, C., & Selfridge, C. (1998). Adolescents Living Safety: AIDS Awareness, Attitudes and Actions. Program Archive on Sexuality, Health, and Adolescence. URL: https://www.socio.com/pdf_uploads/file/25/ALS_Abstract.pdf?1509557820
Schiavon, C. C., Marchetti, E., Gurgel, L. G., Busnello, F. M., & Reppold, C. T. (2017). Optimism and hope in chronic disease: a systematic review. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02022
Sideli, L., Lo Coco, G., Albano, A., Gullo, S., Rollo, D., Aas, M., ... & Musetti, A. (2023). Substance Addictive Behaviors and Their Relationship with Interpersonal Trauma, Emotion Dysregulation, and Psychopathological Symptoms: A Correlation Network Approach. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-023-01150-7
Tülübaş, T., Karakose, T., & Papadakis, S. (2023). A holistic investigation of the relationship between digital addiction and academic achievement among students. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(10), 2006-2034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13100143
Wasan, A. D., Michna, E., Edwards, R. R., Katz, J. N., Nedeljkovic, S. S., Dolman, A. J., ... & Jamison, R. N. (2015). Psychiatric comorbidity is associated prospectively with diminished opioid analgesia and increased opioid misuse in patients with chronic low back pain. Anesthesiology, 123(4), 861-872. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000000768
Weed, N. C., Butcher, J. N., McKenna, T., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1992). New measures for assessing alcohol and drug abuse with the MMPI-2: The APS and AAS. Journal of personality assessment, 58(2), 389-404. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5802_15
Wray, T. B., Dvorak, R. D., Hsia, J. F., Arens, A. M., & Schweinle, W. E. (2013). Optimism and pessimism as predictors of alcohol use trajectories in adolescence. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 22(1), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2012.729915
Zadeh Mohammadi, M. A., Ahmadabadi, Z., & Heidari, M. (2011). Construction and assessment of psychometric features of Iranian adolescents risk-taking scale. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 17(3), 218-225 (In Paersian). URL: https://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1417-en.html
Zargar, Y., Rahimi Pordanjani, T., Mohamadzade Ebrahimi, A., & Noruzi, Z. (2013). A Study of Simple and Multiple Relationships between Morningness and Sleep Quality among Students with Addiction Potential in Shahid Chamran University. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal, 12(4), 375-383 (In Persian). URL: https://jsmj.ajums.ac.ir/article_49760.html?lang=en
Zeighami, R., Hosseini, S. M., Mohammadi, N., & Shahsavari, S. (2021). Predicting addiction susceptibility based on big five personality traits. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 15(4), e109103. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.109103