نوآوری های اخیر در روان‌شناسی

نوآوری های اخیر در روان‌شناسی

اثربخشی برنامه آموزشی «مرا محکم در آغوش بگیر» بر سبک دلبستگی و رضایت زناشویی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی، موسسه آموزش عالی غیردولتی غیرانتفاعی شاندیز، مشهد، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، موسسه آموزش عالی غیردولتی غیرانتفاعی شاندیز، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی برنامه «مرا محکم در آغوش بگیر» بر سبک دلبستگی و رضایت زناشویی افراد متأهل بود. پژوهش از نوع شبه آزمایشی با الگوی پیش آزمون و پس آزمون تک گروهی بود. تعداد 15 نفر از افراد متأهل ساکن شهر مشهد به طور داوطلبانه در پژوهش شرکت کردند. گردآوری داده‌ها با پرسشنامه سبک‌های دلبستگی بزرگسالان (AAQ) و مقیاس رضایت زناشویی انریچ (EMSS) انجام شد. شرکت کنندگان به مدت 10 ساعت طی یک کارگاه یک روزه که بر اساس بسته «مرا محکم در آغوش بگیر» تنظیم شده بود، آموزش دیدند. تحلیل واریانس اندازه گیری مکرر چندمتغیره نشان داد که مداخله بر افزایش دلبستگی ایمن و رضایت زناشویی تأثیر معناداری داشته است (0.01>P) اما بر سبک‌های دلبستگی اجتنابی و اضطرابی تأثیر معناداری نداشته است (0.05<P). نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد اجرای برنامه «مرا محکم در آغوش بگیر» می‌تواند باعث افزایش رضایت زناشویی و دلبستگی ایمن شود و می‌توان در مداخلات مرتبط با مشاوره زوجین از آن استفاده کرد. 
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Effectiveness of the "Hold Me Tight" Educational Program on Attachment Styles and Marital Satisfaction

نویسندگان English

Zahra Faramarzi 1
Seyyed Iman Ghotb 2
1 MSc. in General Psychology,, Shandiz Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shandiz Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the "Hold Me Tight" program on attachment style and marital satisfaction in married individuals. The research was of a quasi-experimental type with a single group pre- and post-test design. A total of 15 married individuals living in Mashhad voluntarily participated in the study. Data were collected using the Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire (AAQ), and the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EEMS). Participants received 10 hours of training during a one-day workshop based on the "Hold Me Tight" package. One-way repeated measures MANOVA showed that the intervention had a significant effect on increasing secure attachment and marital satisfaction (P<0.01), but no significant effect on avoidant and anxious attachment styles (P<0.05). The results of this study show that implementing the "Hold Me Tight" program can increase marital satisfaction and secure attachment and can be used in couples counselling interventions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

attachment
emotion-focused therapy
marital satisfaction

References

Abbasi, S. M., Chehri, A., & Arefi, M. (2024). Structural equation model of marital satisfaction based on sexual self-efficacy with the mediation of circadian rhythms in nursing women. Journal of Psychological Science. 23(142), 167-183 (In Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/JPS.23.142.2477

Abdolmanafi, V., Oghbaei Bonab, E., Zeydabadinejad, E., Esmali, A., & Shami, S. (2025). Prediction of Marital Satisfaction and Life Expectancy Based on Psychological Hardiness and Tendency to Forgive. Recent Innovations in Psychology2(1), 47-60 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/rip.2024.451423.1018

Badihi Zarezi, F., Mousavi, R. (2016). Efficacy of emotion-focused couple therapy on the change of adult attachment styles and sexual intimacy of couples. Counseling Culture And Psychotherapy, 7(25), 71-90 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2016.5888

Bogaerts, S., Daalder, A. L., Van Der Knaap, L. M., Kunst, M. J., & Buschman, J. (2008). Critical incident, adult attachment style, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A comparison of three groups of security workers. Social Behavior and Personality an International Journal, 36(8), 1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.8.1063

Borjali, A., & Mehradsadr, M. (2021). Effectiveness of "hold me tight" educational program on intimacy, attachment behaviors, and marital satisfaction among married students. Journal of Woman and Family Studies, 9(3), 9-32 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22051/jwfs.2021.34205.2593

Candel, O., & Turliuc, M. N. (2019). Insecure attachment and relationship satisfaction: A meta-analysis of actor and partner associations. Personality and Individual Differences, 147, 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.037

Cann, A., Norman, M. A., Welbourne, J. L., & Calhoun, L. G. (2007). Attachment styles, conflict styles and humour styles: Interrelationships and associations with relationship satisfaction. European Journal of Personality, 22(2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.666

Conradi, H. J., Dingemanse, P., Noordhof, A., Finkenauer, C., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2017). Effectiveness of the ‘hold me tight’ relationship enhancement program in a self‐referred and a clinician‐referred sample: An emotionally focused couples therapy‐based approach. Family Process, 57(3), 613-628. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12305

Dailey, J., Timulak, L., Goldman, R. S., & Greenberg, L. S. (2024). Capturing the change: A case study investigation of emotional and interactional transformation in emotion-focused therapy for couples. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 23(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2023.2204480

Ein-Dor, T., Mikulincer, M., Doron, G., & Shaver, P. R. (2010). The attachment paradox: How can so many of us (the insecure ones) have no adaptive advantages?. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(2), 123-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610362349

Firoozabadi, A., Abedi, Z., Aliyari, R., Zolfaghari, B., & Ghanizadeh, A. (2014). Psychometric characteristics of the persian (farsi) version of attachment style questionnaire. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences39(6), 506-514. URL: https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39699.html

Fowers, B. J., & Olson, D. H. (1993). ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale: A brief research and clinical tool. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(2), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.7.2.176

Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511

Jiang, H., Wang, L., Zhang, Q., Liu, D., Ding, J., Lei, Z., Lu, Q., & Pan, F. (2014). Family functioning, marital satisfaction and social support in hemodialysis patients and their spouses. Stress and Health, 31(2), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2541

Johnson, S. M. (2008). Hold Me Tight: Seven Conversations for a Lifetime of Love. New York: Little, Brown and Company. URL: https://h7.cl/1l8dR

Johnson, S. M. (2010). The hold me tight program: Conversations for connection. Ottawa, ON: International Centre for Excellence in Emotionally Focused Therapy. URL: https://h7.cl/1l9H6

Johnson, S. M. (2019). Attachment in action- changing the face of 21st century couple therapy. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25(1), 101-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.03.007

Johnson, S. M., & Whiffen, V. E. (Eds.). (2003). Attachment processes in couple and family therapy. Guilford Press. URL: https://h7.cl/1l9I4

Johnson, S. M., & Wittenborn, A. K. (2012). New research findings on emotionally focused therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(1), 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2012.00292.x

Kalil, A., Ryan, R., & Chor, E. (2014). Time investments in children across family structures. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 654(1), 150-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716214528276

Kennedy, N., Johnson, S. M., Wiebe, S. A., Willett, J. B., & Tasca, G. A. (2019). Conversations for connection: An outcome assessment of the hold-me-tight relationship-education program, and recommendations for improving futureresearch methodology in relationship education. Journal of Marital and FamilyTherapy, 45(3), 431-446. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12356

Khan, S. (2018). Improving intimate relationships: An exploratory study on outcomesfor couples participating in the Hold Me Tight program [Doctoral Dissertation of Psychology, The State University of the New Jersey]. Rutgers. URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/58054/PDF/1/play/

Lesch, E., De Bruin, K., & Anderson, C. (2018). A pilot implementation of the emotionally focused couple therapy group psychoeducation program in a South African setting. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 17(4), 313-337. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2017.1417940

Madani, Y., Hashemi Golpayegani, F., & Gholamali Lavasani, M. (2017). Proposing an integrated model of emotionally focused approach and gottman model and evaluating its effectiveness on feeling of loneliness in married women. Journal of Counseling Research, 16(62), 80-97 (In Persian). URL: http://irancounseling.ir/journal/article-1-550-en.html

Martins, L. B., Marengo, L. A. S., Casalecchi, J. G. S., Figueiredo, M. J. A., & Silva Júnior, M. D. (2023). A systematic review of the relationship between marital satisfaction and adult attachment styles: An evolutionary and cross-cultural perspective. Trends in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-023-00325-4

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Boosting attachment security to promote mental health, prosocial values, and Inter-Group tolerance. Psychological Inquiry, 18(3), 139-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701512646

Morgis, B. L., Ewing, E. S. K., Liu, T., Slaughter-Acey, J., Fisher, K., & Jampol, R. (2019). A hold me tight workshop for couple attachment and sexual Intimacy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 41(4), 368-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-019-09504-x

Nouri, N., & Iranmanesh, I. (2022). The effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy using the “hold me tight” method on attachment styles, marital adjustment and sexual intimacy. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 13(1), 363-387 (In Persian). https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.22518126.1401.13.1.20.8

Nunes, C., Martins, C., Leal, A., Pechorro, P., Ferreira, L. I., & Ayala-Nunes, L. (2022). The ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS) Scale: A psychometric study in a sample of Portuguese parents. Social Sciences11(3), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11030107

Omoboye, M., Eneh, N. E., & Titor-Addingi, M. C. (2024). Communication patterns and marital satisfaction: A review of English language discourse in family counseling. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(2), 1883–1891. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.2.0634

Perlman, D., & Miller, R. S. (2024). Modern marital satisfaction: Are we expecting too much? In M. Hojjat & A. Moyer (Eds.), Modern relationships: Romance, friendship, and family in the 21st century (pp. 73–89). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197655504.003.0005

Pourqanad, M. (2018). The effectiveness of a group couple therapy program based on the emotion-focused approach of "Hold Me Tight" on the communication cycle of demand-withdrawal [Master's thesis in family counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran[, Central Library, Information Hall (In Persian). URL: https://noordoc.ir/thesis/93018

Power, O. (2019). An investigation of the association between adult attachment styles, emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction as an outcome. Undergraduate thesis, Dublin, National College of Ireland. URL: http://norma.ncirl.ie/3778/

Ravitz, P., Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Sthankiya, B., & Lancee, W. (2010). Adult attachment measures: A 25-year review. Journal of psychosomatic research69(4), 419-432.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.006

Regan, A., Walsh, L. C., Horton, C., Rodriguez, A., & Kaufman, V. A. (2025). Contextualizing marital dissatisfaction: examining profiles of discordant spouses across life domains. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1458129. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1458129

Rostami, M., Saadati, N., & Yousefi, Z. (2018). The investigation and comparison of the efficacy of emotionally focused couple therapy and solution focused couple therapy on reducing fear of intimacy and increasing couples' sexual satisfaction. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling, 8(2), 1-22 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22055/jac.2018.23429.1509

Sadeghzade Yazdi, N., & Ghotb, S. I. (2025). The Effectiveness of Emotion-focused Therapy Training on Self-Compassion in Psychology Graduates. Recent Innovations in Psychology2(3), 14-26 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/rip.2024.481470.1062

Shokri, A., Shafiabadi, A., & Dokaneheeifard, F. (2021). Structural modeling of ego strength on job success with mediation of marital satisfaction and self-esteem. Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 12(45), 213-238 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2020.39064.2056

Stepp, S. D., Morse, J. Q., Yaggi, K. E., Reynolds, S. K., Reed, L. I., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2008). The role of attachment styles and interpersonal problems in Suicide‐Related Behaviors. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38(5), 592-607. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2008.38.5.592

Wearden, A., Peters, I., Berry, K., Barrowclough, C., & Liversidge, T. (2008). Adult attachment, parenting experiences, and core beliefs about self and others. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(5), 1246-1257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.019

Wiebe, S. A., Elliott, J. A., Johnson, S. M., & Lafontaine, M.-F. (2022). Emotionally focused couple therapy: A meta-analysis of outcome studies. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 48(1), 6–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12536

Wong, T., Greenman, P. S., & Beaudoin, V. (2017). “Hold Me Tight”: The generalizability of an Attachment-Based group intervention to Chinese Canadian couples. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 17(1), 42-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2017.1302376

Zanganeh, M. R., Ardeshiri, A., & Ghanbari HashemAbadi, B. A. (2024). The Effect of Group Psychotherapy with Transactional Analysis Approach on Attachment Styles of Adolescent Boys. Recent Innovations in Psychology1(1), 64-75 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/rip.2024.191347

References
Abbasi, S. M., Chehri, A., & Arefi, M. (2024). Structural equation model of marital satisfaction based on sexual self-efficacy with the mediation of circadian rhythms in nursing women. Journal of Psychological Science. 23(142), 167-183 (In Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/JPS.23.142.2477
Abdolmanafi, V., Oghbaei Bonab, E., Zeydabadinejad, E., Esmali, A., & Shami, S. (2025). Prediction of Marital Satisfaction and Life Expectancy Based on Psychological Hardiness and Tendency to Forgive. Recent Innovations in Psychology2(1), 47-60 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/rip.2024.451423.1018
Badihi Zarezi, F., Mousavi, R. (2016). Efficacy of emotion-focused couple therapy on the change of adult attachment styles and sexual intimacy of couples. Counseling Culture And Psychotherapy, 7(25), 71-90 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2016.5888
Bogaerts, S., Daalder, A. L., Van Der Knaap, L. M., Kunst, M. J., & Buschman, J. (2008). Critical incident, adult attachment style, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A comparison of three groups of security workers. Social Behavior and Personality an International Journal, 36(8), 1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.8.1063
Borjali, A., & Mehradsadr, M. (2021). Effectiveness of "hold me tight" educational program on intimacy, attachment behaviors, and marital satisfaction among married students. Journal of Woman and Family Studies, 9(3), 9-32 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22051/jwfs.2021.34205.2593
Candel, O., & Turliuc, M. N. (2019). Insecure attachment and relationship satisfaction: A meta-analysis of actor and partner associations. Personality and Individual Differences, 147, 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.037
Cann, A., Norman, M. A., Welbourne, J. L., & Calhoun, L. G. (2007). Attachment styles, conflict styles and humour styles: Interrelationships and associations with relationship satisfaction. European Journal of Personality, 22(2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.666
Conradi, H. J., Dingemanse, P., Noordhof, A., Finkenauer, C., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2017). Effectiveness of the ‘hold me tight’ relationship enhancement program in a self‐referred and a clinician‐referred sample: An emotionally focused couples therapy‐based approach. Family Process, 57(3), 613-628. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12305
Dailey, J., Timulak, L., Goldman, R. S., & Greenberg, L. S. (2024). Capturing the change: A case study investigation of emotional and interactional transformation in emotion-focused therapy for couples. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 23(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2023.2204480
Ein-Dor, T., Mikulincer, M., Doron, G., & Shaver, P. R. (2010). The attachment paradox: How can so many of us (the insecure ones) have no adaptive advantages?. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(2), 123-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610362349
Firoozabadi, A., Abedi, Z., Aliyari, R., Zolfaghari, B., & Ghanizadeh, A. (2014). Psychometric characteristics of the persian (farsi) version of attachment style questionnaire. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences39(6), 506-514. URL: https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_39699.html
Fowers, B. J., & Olson, D. H. (1993). ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale: A brief research and clinical tool. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(2), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.7.2.176
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
Jiang, H., Wang, L., Zhang, Q., Liu, D., Ding, J., Lei, Z., Lu, Q., & Pan, F. (2014). Family functioning, marital satisfaction and social support in hemodialysis patients and their spouses. Stress and Health, 31(2), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2541
Johnson, S. M. (2008). Hold Me Tight: Seven Conversations for a Lifetime of Love. New York: Little, Brown and Company. URL: https://h7.cl/1l8dR
Johnson, S. M. (2010). The hold me tight program: Conversations for connection. Ottawa, ON: International Centre for Excellence in Emotionally Focused Therapy. URL: https://h7.cl/1l9H6
Johnson, S. M. (2019). Attachment in action- changing the face of 21st century couple therapy. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25(1), 101-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.03.007
Johnson, S. M., & Whiffen, V. E. (Eds.). (2003). Attachment processes in couple and family therapy. Guilford Press. URL: https://h7.cl/1l9I4
Johnson, S. M., & Wittenborn, A. K. (2012). New research findings on emotionally focused therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(1), 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2012.00292.x
Kalil, A., Ryan, R., & Chor, E. (2014). Time investments in children across family structures. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 654(1), 150-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716214528276
Kennedy, N., Johnson, S. M., Wiebe, S. A., Willett, J. B., & Tasca, G. A. (2019). Conversations for connection: An outcome assessment of the hold-me-tight relationship-education program, and recommendations for improving futureresearch methodology in relationship education. Journal of Marital and FamilyTherapy, 45(3), 431-446. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12356
Khan, S. (2018). Improving intimate relationships: An exploratory study on outcomesfor couples participating in the Hold Me Tight program [Doctoral Dissertation of Psychology, The State University of the New Jersey]. Rutgers. URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/58054/PDF/1/play/
Lesch, E., De Bruin, K., & Anderson, C. (2018). A pilot implementation of the emotionally focused couple therapy group psychoeducation program in a South African setting. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 17(4), 313-337. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2017.1417940
Madani, Y., Hashemi Golpayegani, F., & Gholamali Lavasani, M. (2017). Proposing an integrated model of emotionally focused approach and gottman model and evaluating its effectiveness on feeling of loneliness in married women. Journal of Counseling Research, 16(62), 80-97 (In Persian). URL: http://irancounseling.ir/journal/article-1-550-en.html
Martins, L. B., Marengo, L. A. S., Casalecchi, J. G. S., Figueiredo, M. J. A., & Silva Júnior, M. D. (2023). A systematic review of the relationship between marital satisfaction and adult attachment styles: An evolutionary and cross-cultural perspective. Trends in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-023-00325-4
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Boosting attachment security to promote mental health, prosocial values, and Inter-Group tolerance. Psychological Inquiry, 18(3), 139-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701512646
Morgis, B. L., Ewing, E. S. K., Liu, T., Slaughter-Acey, J., Fisher, K., & Jampol, R. (2019). A hold me tight workshop for couple attachment and sexual Intimacy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 41(4), 368-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-019-09504-x
Nouri, N., & Iranmanesh, I. (2022). The effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy using the “hold me tight” method on attachment styles, marital adjustment and sexual intimacy. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 13(1), 363-387 (In Persian). https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.22518126.1401.13.1.20.8
Nunes, C., Martins, C., Leal, A., Pechorro, P., Ferreira, L. I., & Ayala-Nunes, L. (2022). The ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS) Scale: A psychometric study in a sample of Portuguese parents. Social Sciences11(3), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11030107
Omoboye, M., Eneh, N. E., & Titor-Addingi, M. C. (2024). Communication patterns and marital satisfaction: A review of English language discourse in family counseling. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(2), 1883–1891. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.2.0634
Perlman, D., & Miller, R. S. (2024). Modern marital satisfaction: Are we expecting too much? In M. Hojjat & A. Moyer (Eds.), Modern relationships: Romance, friendship, and family in the 21st century (pp. 73–89). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197655504.003.0005
Pourqanad, M. (2018). The effectiveness of a group couple therapy program based on the emotion-focused approach of "Hold Me Tight" on the communication cycle of demand-withdrawal [Master's thesis in family counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran[, Central Library, Information Hall (In Persian). URL: https://noordoc.ir/thesis/93018
Power, O. (2019). An investigation of the association between adult attachment styles, emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction as an outcome. Undergraduate thesis, Dublin, National College of Ireland. URL: http://norma.ncirl.ie/3778/
Ravitz, P., Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Sthankiya, B., & Lancee, W. (2010). Adult attachment measures: A 25-year review. Journal of psychosomatic research69(4), 419-432.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.006
Regan, A., Walsh, L. C., Horton, C., Rodriguez, A., & Kaufman, V. A. (2025). Contextualizing marital dissatisfaction: examining profiles of discordant spouses across life domains. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1458129. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1458129
Rostami, M., Saadati, N., & Yousefi, Z. (2018). The investigation and comparison of the efficacy of emotionally focused couple therapy and solution focused couple therapy on reducing fear of intimacy and increasing couples' sexual satisfaction. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling, 8(2), 1-22 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22055/jac.2018.23429.1509
Sadeghzade Yazdi, N., & Ghotb, S. I. (2025). The Effectiveness of Emotion-focused Therapy Training on Self-Compassion in Psychology Graduates. Recent Innovations in Psychology2(3), 14-26 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/rip.2024.481470.1062
Shokri, A., Shafiabadi, A., & Dokaneheeifard, F. (2021). Structural modeling of ego strength on job success with mediation of marital satisfaction and self-esteem. Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 12(45), 213-238 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2020.39064.2056
Stepp, S. D., Morse, J. Q., Yaggi, K. E., Reynolds, S. K., Reed, L. I., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2008). The role of attachment styles and interpersonal problems in Suicide‐Related Behaviors. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38(5), 592-607. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2008.38.5.592
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  • تاریخ دریافت 30 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 15 دی 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 17 دی 1403
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 24 دی 1403