The present study aimed to predict self-esteem in pre-adolescent girls based on sense of coherence and alexithymia. This research was a descriptive-correlational study, and its statistical population consisted of second-grade elementary school students in Jajarm (a city in Iran), during the academic year 2025-2026. A total of 278 individuals were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and completed the Sense of Coherence Scale (SCS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The results showed a positive and significant relationship between sense of coherence and self-esteem, and a negative and significant relationship between alexithymia and self-esteem (P < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis also revealed that sense of coherence (β = 0.51) and alexithymia (β = -0.32) were significant predictors of self-esteem in pre-adolescent girls (P < 0.01). The findings of this study emphasize the importance of attending to emotional and social components during the pre-adolescent period and indicate that strengthening the sense of coherence and teaching emotional skills can play an effective role in enhancing self-esteem in girls of this age.