نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
The present study set out to compare hardiness, life satisfaction, and hope in male and female university students. The research design employed was a causal comparative. In the 2023-2024 academic year, a sample of fifty students (25 female and 25 male) from the University of Tabriz (Tabriz, Iran) was selected using a cluster sampling method. The collection of data was conducted utilizing Kobasa's Hardiness Questionnaire (HQ), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Snyder Hope Scale (SHS). Multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that male students exhibited higher scores in hardiness and life satisfaction when compared to their female counterparts. Conversely, female students demonstrated higher levels of hope in comparison to their male peers (P<0.05). The present findings underscore the impact of gender differences on psychological traits and emphasize the necessity of incorporating cultural and social factors into explanations of these differences. It is recommended that future research employs larger and more diverse samples to gain a more profound understanding of these variables and their longitudinal effects.
کلیدواژهها English
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