نوآوری های اخیر در روان‌شناسی

نوآوری های اخیر در روان‌شناسی

نقش تعدیل‌کننده خودشفقت‌ورزی در رابطه قربانی شدن توسط همسالان با اضطراب اجتماعی در نوجوانان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسنده
استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف تعیین نقش تعدیل‌کننده خودشفقت‌ورزی در رابطه قربانی شدن توسط همسالان با اضطراب اجتماعی در نوجوانان انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. تعداد 477 نفر از دانش آموزان دوره دوم متوسطه شهر مشهد در سال تحصیلی 1404-1403 با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به صورت الکترونیکی مقیاس قلدری گیتهاوس (GBS)، فرم کوتاه مقیاس خودشفقت ورزی (SCS-SF) و نسخه 3 عبارتی مقیاس اضطراب تعامل (IAS-3) را تکمیل کردند. تحلیل داده‌ها با مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که ابعاد خودشفقت ورزی روابط منفی و معناداری با اضطراب اجتماعی دارند و  نمره کلی خودشفقت ورزی نیز توانست 22 درصد از تغییرات اضطراب اجتماعی را تبیین کند (0.22=R2). سایر نتایج نشان داد که اثر مستقیم خودشفقت ورزی بر اضطراب اجتماعی معنادار است (0.37-=r). اما اثر تعامل خودشفقت ورزی با قربانی شدن بر اضطراب اجتماعی معنادار نبود (0.05<P). بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش به نظر می‌رسد اثر قربانی شدن نوجوانان توسط همسالان بر اضطراب اجتماعی مستقل از سطح خودشفقت‌ورزی آنان است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The Moderating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Peer Victimization and Social Anxiety in Adolescents

نویسنده English

Mohammadreza Khodabakhsh
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
چکیده English

The present study sought to ascertain the moderating function of self-compassion in the relationship between peer victimization and social anxiety in adolescents. The research method employed was descriptive and correlational. A total of 477 high school students in Mashhad (a city in Iran) were selected through convenience sampling in the academic year 2024-2025 and completed the Gatehouse Bullying Scale (GBS), the Short Form of the Self‐compassion Scale (SCS-SF), and three-item version of the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS-3) electronically. The analysis was conducted utilizing structural equation modeling. The results indicated that the dimensions of self-compassion were negatively and significantly associated with social anxiety, and the overall self-compassion score accounted for 22% of the variance in social anxiety (R² = 0.22). Additional findings revealed that the direct effect of self-compassion on social anxiety was significant (r = –0.37). However, the interaction effect of self-compassion and victimization on social anxiety was not significant (P > 0.05). The findings of this study suggest that the effect of adolescent victimization by peers on social anxiety is independent of the level of self-compassion exhibited by the individual.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

bullying
self-compassion
social anxiety

References

Alexander, J. R., Houghton, D. C., Twohig, M. P., Franklin, M. E., Saunders, S. M., Neal-Barnett, A. M., ... & Woods, D. W. (2017). Clarifying the relationship between Trichotillomania and anxiety. Journal of Obsessive-compulsive and Related Disorders13, 30-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.02.004

Areepattamannil, S., & Hashim, J. (2017). The questionnaire for Eudaimonic well-being (QEWB): Psychometric properties in a non-western adolescent sample. Personality and Individual Differences117, 236-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.018

Asendorpf, J. B., Denissen, J. J., & Van Aken, M. A. (2008). Inhibited and aggressive preschool children at 23 years of age: personality and social transitions into adulthood. Developmental Psychology44(4), 997. URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2008-08592-009

Baggaley, J. A., Wolverson, E., & Clarke, C. (2024). Measuring self-compassion in people living with dementia: investigating the validity of the Self-Compassion Scale-Short form (SCS-SF). Aging & Mental Health, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2024.2374937

Birmaher, B., Brent, D. A., Chiappetta, L., Bridge, J., Monga, S., & Baugher, M. (2015). Social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: Prevalence, risk factors, and association with substance use and suicidality. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 29(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.12.005

Bond, L., Wolfe, S., Tollit, M., Butler, H., & Patton, G. (2007). A comparison of the Gatehouse Bullying Scale and the Peer Relations Questionnaire for students in secondary school. Journal of School Health77(2), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00170.x

Gao, J., Feng, Y., Xu, S., Wilson, A., Li, H., Wang, X., ... & Wang, Y. (2023). Appearance anxiety and social anxiety: A mediated model of self-compassion. Frontiers in Public Health11, 1105428. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1105428

Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 15(3), 199-208.  https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.005264

Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology53(1), 6-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12043

Gill, C., Watson, L., Williams, C., & Chan, S. W. (2018). Social anxiety and self-compassion in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence69, 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.10.004

Glew, G. M., Fan, M. Y., Katon, W., & Rivara, F. P. (2008). Bullying and school safety. The Journal of Pediatrics152(1), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.05.045

Gómez-Ortiz, O., Roldán, R., Ortega-Ruiz, R., & García-López, L. J. (2017). Social anxiety and psychosocial adjustment in adolescents: Relation with peer victimization, self-esteem, and emotion regulation. Child Indicators Research, 11(2), 517–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-017-9506-3

Gu, J., Strauss, C., Crane, C., Barnhofer, T., Karl, A., Cavanagh, K., & Kuyken, W. (2016). Examining the factor structure of the 39-item and 15-item versions of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire before and after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with recurrent depression. Psychological Assessment28(7), 791. URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2016-17965-001.html

Halidu, M. D., & Kotera, Y. (2024). Adolescent Social Anxiety, School Satisfaction, Family Emotional Support, and School Absenteeism: Findings from Young-HUNT3 and Norwegian National Education Data. Journal of Clinical Medicine13(9), 2547.  https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092547

Holas, P., Kowalczyk, M., Krejtz, I., Wisiecka, K., & Jankowski, T. (2023). The relationship between self-esteem and self-compassion in socially anxious. Current Psychology42(12), 10271-10276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02305-2

Hosein-Pour, M. R., Ghorbani-Moghaddam, P., & Alizadeh, A. (2022). Predicting social physique anxiety disorder based on the self-Compassion and Self-Esteem in Female Athletes. Nursing Development in Health Journal12(2), 37-47 (In Persian). URL: http://ndhj.lums.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.html

Iannello, N. M., Caravita, S., Papotti, N., Gelati, C., & Camodeca, M. (2024). Social anxiety and bullying victimization in children and early adolescents: the role of developmental period and immigrant statusJournal of Youth and Adolescence53(1), 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01865-9

Igartua, J. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2021). Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: Concepts, computations, and some common confusions. The Spanish Journal of Psychology24, e49.  https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.46

Irons, C., & Lad, S. (2017). Using compassion focused therapy to work with shame and self-criticism in complex trauma. Australian Clinical Psychologist3(1), 1743. URL: https://oa.mg/work/2788607341

Kedia, R., & Kumar, R. (2025). Effects of Social Anxiety on Academic Performance and Social Behavior. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Approaches in Psychology3(5), 1471-1483. URL: https://psychopediajournals.com/index.php/ijiap/article/view/958

Makadi, E., & Koszycki, D. (2020). Exploring connections between self-compassion, mindfulness, and social anxiety. Mindfulness11, 480-492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01270-z

McBride, N. L., Bates, G. W., Elphinstone, B., & Whitehead, R. (2022). Self‐compassion and social anxiety: The mediating effect of emotion regulation strategies and the influence of depressed mood. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice95(4), 1036-1055. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12417

Momeni, F., Shahidi, Sh., Mootabi, F., & Heydari, M. (2014). Psychometric Properties Oof a Farsi Version of the Self-Compassion Scale (Scs). Contemporary Psychology, 8(2), 27-40 (In Persian). URL: https://bjcp.ir/article-1-386-en.html

Najafi, E., Mirabi, H., Hosseinzadeh Maleki, Z., & Bagherzadeh, F. (2024). The Role of Self-compassion and Alexithymia in Predicting Perceived Social Support. Recent Innovations in Psychology1(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.22034/rip.2024.189967

Najafi, M., Kermani Mamazandi, Z., & Akbari Balout Bengan, A. (2017). The relationship between anxiety, stress and depression with suicidal thoughts in adolescent girls: The mediating role of bullying victimization. Journal of Principles of Mental Health, 19(5), 557-566 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22038/jfmh.2017.9312

Neff, K. D. (2009). The role of self-compassion in development: A healthier way to relate to oneself. Human Development52(4), 211-214. https://doi.org/10.1159/000215071

Neff, K. D. (2023). Self-compassion: Theory, method, research, and intervention. Annual Review of Psychology74(1), 193-218. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032420-031047

Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity9(3), 225-240.https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860902979307

Nichols, A. L., & Webster, G. D. (2015). Reprint of" Designing a brief measure of social anxiety: Psychometric support for a three-item version of the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS-3)". Personality and Individual Differences81, 207-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.013

Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self‐compassion scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy18(3), 250-255.  https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702

Rahmati, A., Khajouei Mirzadeh, A., & Najmizadeh, H. (2025). The Relationship Between Cognitive Flexibility and Students' Expression of Anger: The Mediating Role of Communication Skills. Recent Innovations in Psychology2(2), 95-108 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/rip.2024.472394.1054

Rayan, A., & Ahmad, M. (2017). Psychological distress and smoking among adolescents: The mediating role of social anxiety. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 19(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw140

Richards, H. J., & Hadwin, J. A. (2011). An exploration of the relationship between trait anxiety and school attendance in young people. School Mental Health3, 236-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-011-9054-9

Schwanen, G. (2015). Being kind to my socially anxious mind; A study of the relationship between self-compassion and social anxiety. MaRBLe6. https://doi.org/10.26481/marble.2015.v6.366

Streiner, D. L. (2005). Finding our way: an introduction to path analysis. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry50(2), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370505000207

Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5, No. 7). Boston, MA: pearson. URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-03883-000

Teale Sapach, M. J., & Carleton, R. N. (2023). Self-compassion training for individuals with social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy52(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2022.2130820

Wood, J. J., Lynne‐Landsman, S. D., Langer, D. A., Wood, P. A., Clark, S. L., Mark Eddy, J., & Ialongo, N. (2012). School attendance problems and youth psychopathology: Structural cross‐lagged regression models in three longitudinal data sets. Child Development83(1), 351-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01677.x

Xia, T., Liao, J., Deng, Y., & Li, L. (2023). Cyberbullying victimization and social anxiety: mediating effects with moderation. Sustainability15(13), 9978. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139978

References
Alexander, J. R., Houghton, D. C., Twohig, M. P., Franklin, M. E., Saunders, S. M., Neal-Barnett, A. M., ... & Woods, D. W. (2017). Clarifying the relationship between Trichotillomania and anxiety. Journal of Obsessive-compulsive and Related Disorders13, 30-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.02.004
Areepattamannil, S., & Hashim, J. (2017). The questionnaire for Eudaimonic well-being (QEWB): Psychometric properties in a non-western adolescent sample. Personality and Individual Differences117, 236-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.018
Asendorpf, J. B., Denissen, J. J., & Van Aken, M. A. (2008). Inhibited and aggressive preschool children at 23 years of age: personality and social transitions into adulthood. Developmental Psychology44(4), 997. URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2008-08592-009
Baggaley, J. A., Wolverson, E., & Clarke, C. (2024). Measuring self-compassion in people living with dementia: investigating the validity of the Self-Compassion Scale-Short form (SCS-SF). Aging & Mental Health, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2024.2374937
Birmaher, B., Brent, D. A., Chiappetta, L., Bridge, J., Monga, S., & Baugher, M. (2015). Social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: Prevalence, risk factors, and association with substance use and suicidality. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 29(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.12.005
Bond, L., Wolfe, S., Tollit, M., Butler, H., & Patton, G. (2007). A comparison of the Gatehouse Bullying Scale and the Peer Relations Questionnaire for students in secondary school. Journal of School Health77(2), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00170.x
Gao, J., Feng, Y., Xu, S., Wilson, A., Li, H., Wang, X., ... & Wang, Y. (2023). Appearance anxiety and social anxiety: A mediated model of self-compassion. Frontiers in Public Health11, 1105428. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1105428
Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 15(3), 199-208.  https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.005264
Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology53(1), 6-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12043
Gill, C., Watson, L., Williams, C., & Chan, S. W. (2018). Social anxiety and self-compassion in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence69, 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.10.004
Glew, G. M., Fan, M. Y., Katon, W., & Rivara, F. P. (2008). Bullying and school safety. The Journal of Pediatrics152(1), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.05.045
Gómez-Ortiz, O., Roldán, R., Ortega-Ruiz, R., & García-López, L. J. (2017). Social anxiety and psychosocial adjustment in adolescents: Relation with peer victimization, self-esteem, and emotion regulation. Child Indicators Research, 11(2), 517–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-017-9506-3
Gu, J., Strauss, C., Crane, C., Barnhofer, T., Karl, A., Cavanagh, K., & Kuyken, W. (2016). Examining the factor structure of the 39-item and 15-item versions of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire before and after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with recurrent depression. Psychological Assessment28(7), 791. URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2016-17965-001.html
Halidu, M. D., & Kotera, Y. (2024). Adolescent Social Anxiety, School Satisfaction, Family Emotional Support, and School Absenteeism: Findings from Young-HUNT3 and Norwegian National Education Data. Journal of Clinical Medicine13(9), 2547.  https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092547
Holas, P., Kowalczyk, M., Krejtz, I., Wisiecka, K., & Jankowski, T. (2023). The relationship between self-esteem and self-compassion in socially anxious. Current Psychology42(12), 10271-10276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02305-2
Hosein-Pour, M. R., Ghorbani-Moghaddam, P., & Alizadeh, A. (2022). Predicting social physique anxiety disorder based on the self-Compassion and Self-Esteem in Female Athletes. Nursing Development in Health Journal12(2), 37-47 (In Persian). URL: http://ndhj.lums.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.html
Iannello, N. M., Caravita, S., Papotti, N., Gelati, C., & Camodeca, M. (2024). Social anxiety and bullying victimization in children and early adolescents: the role of developmental period and immigrant statusJournal of Youth and Adolescence53(1), 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01865-9
Igartua, J. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2021). Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: Concepts, computations, and some common confusions. The Spanish Journal of Psychology24, e49.  https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.46
Irons, C., & Lad, S. (2017). Using compassion focused therapy to work with shame and self-criticism in complex trauma. Australian Clinical Psychologist3(1), 1743. URL: https://oa.mg/work/2788607341
Kedia, R., & Kumar, R. (2025). Effects of Social Anxiety on Academic Performance and Social Behavior. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Approaches in Psychology3(5), 1471-1483. URL: https://psychopediajournals.com/index.php/ijiap/article/view/958
Makadi, E., & Koszycki, D. (2020). Exploring connections between self-compassion, mindfulness, and social anxiety. Mindfulness11, 480-492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01270-z
McBride, N. L., Bates, G. W., Elphinstone, B., & Whitehead, R. (2022). Self‐compassion and social anxiety: The mediating effect of emotion regulation strategies and the influence of depressed mood. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice95(4), 1036-1055. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12417
Momeni, F., Shahidi, Sh., Mootabi, F., & Heydari, M. (2014). Psychometric Properties Oof a Farsi Version of the Self-Compassion Scale (Scs). Contemporary Psychology, 8(2), 27-40 (In Persian). URL: https://bjcp.ir/article-1-386-en.html
Najafi, E., Mirabi, H., Hosseinzadeh Maleki, Z., & Bagherzadeh, F. (2024). The Role of Self-compassion and Alexithymia in Predicting Perceived Social Support. Recent Innovations in Psychology1(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.22034/rip.2024.189967
Najafi, M., Kermani Mamazandi, Z., & Akbari Balout Bengan, A. (2017). The relationship between anxiety, stress and depression with suicidal thoughts in adolescent girls: The mediating role of bullying victimization. Journal of Principles of Mental Health, 19(5), 557-566 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22038/jfmh.2017.9312
Neff, K. D. (2009). The role of self-compassion in development: A healthier way to relate to oneself. Human Development52(4), 211-214. https://doi.org/10.1159/000215071
Neff, K. D. (2023). Self-compassion: Theory, method, research, and intervention. Annual Review of Psychology74(1), 193-218. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032420-031047
Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity9(3), 225-240.https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860902979307
Nichols, A. L., & Webster, G. D. (2015). Reprint of" Designing a brief measure of social anxiety: Psychometric support for a three-item version of the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS-3)". Personality and Individual Differences81, 207-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.013
Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self‐compassion scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy18(3), 250-255.  https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702
Rahmati, A., Khajouei Mirzadeh, A., & Najmizadeh, H. (2025). The Relationship Between Cognitive Flexibility and Students' Expression of Anger: The Mediating Role of Communication Skills. Recent Innovations in Psychology2(2), 95-108 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/rip.2024.472394.1054
Rayan, A., & Ahmad, M. (2017). Psychological distress and smoking among adolescents: The mediating role of social anxiety. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 19(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw140
Richards, H. J., & Hadwin, J. A. (2011). An exploration of the relationship between trait anxiety and school attendance in young people. School Mental Health3, 236-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-011-9054-9
Schwanen, G. (2015). Being kind to my socially anxious mind; A study of the relationship between self-compassion and social anxiety. MaRBLe6. https://doi.org/10.26481/marble.2015.v6.366
Streiner, D. L. (2005). Finding our way: an introduction to path analysis. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry50(2), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370505000207
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5, No. 7). Boston, MA: pearson. URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-03883-000
Teale Sapach, M. J., & Carleton, R. N. (2023). Self-compassion training for individuals with social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy52(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2022.2130820
Wood, J. J., Lynne‐Landsman, S. D., Langer, D. A., Wood, P. A., Clark, S. L., Mark Eddy, J., & Ialongo, N. (2012). School attendance problems and youth psychopathology: Structural cross‐lagged regression models in three longitudinal data sets. Child Development83(1), 351-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01677.x
Xia, T., Liao, J., Deng, Y., & Li, L. (2023). Cyberbullying victimization and social anxiety: mediating effects with moderation. Sustainability15(13), 9978. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139978

  • تاریخ دریافت 02 دی 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 22 دی 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 03 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 10 بهمن 1403